The existence of coral for adornment dates back over ten thousand years.  Fragments of coral used as ornaments have been found in neolithic graves in Europe and among the personal possessions of those of the Minoan-Mycenean, Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations.  There have been small sculptures found from the Iron Age.

Coral was long thought to be a powerful talisman that could stop bleeding, protect against evil spirits and ward off hurricanes.  It is one of the seven treasures of the Buddhist scriptures and Tibetan lamas use coral rosaries. 

For many years the coasts of Italy were lined with what was thought to be inexhaustible coral mines.  It is my understanding that coral mining in the Mediterranean is now only open on rare occasion and in very limited amounts.  Therefore, old coral jewelry from Mediterranean coral is very collectible and price accordingly.  Japan is now the world supplier of coral used for jewelry.

For centuries science classified coral as either vegetable or mineral.  In 1720, Peyssonel, a Frenchman, proved that the delicate branches were the calcareous skeletal remains of thousands of minute sea animals ranging in color from blood red to orange, to pink and white.

The most valuable colors are red, black and pink - which is called Angelskin Coral.  Coral used for jewelry today is enhanced to improve its color and durability.  White coral is bleached.  Pink coral is permeated with colorless wax.  Orange coral is stabilized with plastic.  Black coral is sometimes bleached to create gold coral.  Naturally colored coral has a much higher value than dyed coral.  This is why old pawn and antique coral pieces are priced so much higher.

The Native American Indians of New Mexico and Arizona considered coral to be of the highest value and esteem.  It was thought it could cure anything from blindness to snakebite, brought the wearer good luck, long life and virility.

The Zunis favor deep red coral and the Navajos prefer the red-orange beads.  Navajo women considered strands of coral beads a symbol of success and social prominence.

CARING FOR YOUR CORAL

Coral is a porous substance that should be wiped with a clean, damp, soft cloth and dried.  Do not soak in water.  Ultrasonic cleaning devices may damage your coral.  Remove coral rings before doing dishes, swimming or gardening.  Apply makeup, deodorant, cosmetics, hairspray, etc. before putting on coral jewelry.  do not expose coral to extreme sunlight or heat as it may be damaged.